The Walt Disney Model
Disney is one of the world's best known and creative companies. It has consistently created value for over seventy years.
Disney, like your organisation, is a synthesis of sophisticated production techniques and human creativity.
Both Disney and your organisation are, to a degree, "problem solving organisations". That is, they need to be able to find practical solutions to the problems that face them, and quickly.
Walt Disney was one of the founding fathers of the Disney organisation and one of Walt Disney's abilities was to approach a problem from different mental perspectives.
He developed three distinct mental methods and gave them names:
- The dreamer
- The realist
- The spoiler
The Dreamer
The Dreamer represents unrestrained creativity.
The Dreamer is exemplified in the question "If we had no constraints, what would we love to do next?"
The Realist
The Realist is pragmatic and practical.
The Realist asks, "How, in practice, could we make this work?"
The Spoiler
The Spoiler checks by wondering, "There is something wrong with this. What is wrong with this?"
Walt could adopt any one of those roles.
One animator said of him "You never knew which Walt was coming to your meeting".
The Dreamer
Walt Disney saw the creative dreamer as the starting point.
He said: "Ideas excite me. I can never stand still. I must explore and experiment. I am never satisfied with my work. I resent limitations".
Walt Disney was motivated by creative achievement and was comfortable in an uncertain business environment:
"That's what I like about business, the certainty that there is always something bigger we could do... and the uncertainty of everything else!"
The Realist
To make ideas a concrete reality, Walt Disney could be as hard-headed as any accountant:
"Our work must have a foundation of fact. We cannot do fantastic things unless we know what is real and what is not".
"When we consider a project, we must really study it. We must know everything about it".
Walt Disney was aware that technology changed and he was ready to evolve with it:
"Our business will grow with technical advances. Should technological advance come to a stop, prepare our funeral. We need new tools and refinements."
He was aware of the human factors that drove his commercial success:
"Our success was built by hard work and enthusiasm, clarity of purpose, a devotion to our art, confidence in the future and above all, by a steady, day-by-day growth.
We all studied our trade and learned everything we could."
The Spoiler
Disney could also be a critical thinker. He needed to be, because he knew his audience would see the errors.
"He never spared feelings, because his interest was in the product. If a fellow went off on his own developing an idea that had not been approved, he was asking for trouble, and got it"
The spoiler critically evaluated the work of the realist and dreamer.
Some of Disney's colleagues later wrote about their time working for him. They said:
"We had to become perfectionists"
"Our studio became more like a school than a business."
Walt developed a philosophy that anyone who wants more success would do well to adopt.
Walt said: "We were growing through self-criticism and experiment. Each year we could handle a wider range of material, attempt things we would not have dreamed of tackling a year before."
"I claim that this is not genius, or even remarkable. It is the way people build a sound business of any kind, through sweat, intelligence and the love of the job."
Each of the three stages has its own methods of thinking and asked different questions:
Dreamer Questions
What do we want to achieve?
Why do we want it?
What is the benefit?
What would we see if it were finished?
Realist Questions
How specifically will we do this?
What, broadly, are the steps?
What limitations are there?
Who will do it?
When does each step have to start?
Where are we going to put it?
What legal implications are there?
Spoiler Questions
Who could stop us?
What would be the cost be if it did not work?
What is the one thing you forgot to ask?
How do you know this is a good idea?
What would happen if we do nothing?
The idea is to consult each of the three "mind sets" and evolve a creative, practical and critically validated plan of action.
The Disney Model
Here is a step-by-step guide to the Disney Model, which you can apply to your organisation:
1. Create three locations (three distinct areas set aside all in one room) and label them 'dreamer', 'spoiler' and 'realist'.
2. Name the outcome and step into the dreamer location. Visualise the outcome. Ask and answer the dreamer questions.
3. Step into the realist location. Refine the previous ideas, by asking and answering realist questions.
4. Step into the spoiler position. Question and critically analyse the problem.
5. Turn problems into questions and return to the dreamer and realist for solutions.
6. Repeat the cycle several times until the plan satisfies all three positions.
Disney model
In business, the Disney model is a problem-solving method that splits thinking into three clear roles-Dreamer, Realist and Spoiler-used one after the other in a set space. Teams move through the roles, then repeat the cycle, so bold ideas turn into sound plans that have been fully checked for risk.
CG4D Definition
Context: Business
Genus: Problem-solving method
- Breaks work into three roles: dreamer, realist, spoiler
- Runs the roles in the fixed order dream, plan, then challenge
- Keeps each role separate in place or mind to stop overlap
- Repeats the cycle until all three roles accept the plan
Article Summary
The Disney model proves that when a team dreams big, plans with clear facts and then questions each flaw, bold ideas turn into sound results and problems fall away.